Even when English was an excellent Germanic vocabulary, and more than of the very first vocabulary comes out-of Old English, there is also a significant code that derives out of Relationship (Latin and you may French). Almost every other affixes, like “-ation”, much more limited.
According to Hans Marchand, throughout the Categories and you may Variety of Introduce-Time English Word-formation (School away from Alabama Push, 1969), the new suffix -ize arrives to begin with regarding Greek -izo. Of numerous terminology end with this particular suffix enacted regarding Ecclesiastical Greek on the Latin, in which, by the fourth century, they had become established just like the verbs to the finish -izare, particularly barbarizare, catechizare, christianizare. Into the Dated French we discover of many such as verbs, belonging primarily on the ecclesistical industries: baptiser (11th c.), canoniser (13th c.), exorciser (14th c.).
The original -ize terminology available into the English is actually loans which have one another a good French and you may Latin pattern for example baptize (1297), catechize, and you will organize (each other 15th c.) By the end of your sixteenth century, yet not, podpora dine app we come across many new formations for the English, such as for instance bastardize, equalize, popularize, and you will womanize. The new authoritative and you may semantic patterns was basically just like men and women from the lent French and you may Latin models, however, thanks to the new restored study of Greek, the newest knowledgeable has been around since far more accustomed its words and made use of the new models away from Dated Greek word formation freely.
Between 1580 and you will 1700, the fresh disciplines away from books, treatments, pure technology and theology delivered significant amounts of brand new terms towards language. Some of the terms and conditions nevertheless in use now were criticize, fertilize, humanize, naturalize, satirize, sterilize, and you will symbolize. The development out of science provided vast amounts of -ize structures through the 19th century and you will towards the twentieth.
The -ize conditions collected from the students from inside the within this group 9 decades before show that -ize is close to entirely limited by Love code, the actual only real exceptions i receive are womanize and you will winterize. Even though most advanced English audio system are not knowingly familiar with which terminology within their words are from and this origin, they have respected it variation when you look at the coining the terminology.
Constituent Construction regarding Terms
The newest constituent morphemes out-of a phrase shall be structured on a good branching otherwise hierarchical structure, often entitled a forest design. Look at the keyword unusable . It includes about three morphemes:
- prefix “un-“
- verb stalk “use”
- suffix “-able”
What is the framework? Is it basic “use” + “-able” to make “usable”, upcoming with “un-” and make “unusable”? or perhaps is it basic “un-” + “use” and also make “unuse”, after that along with “-able” and also make “unusable”? Since “unuse” does not exists inside the English, if you are “usable” do, i like the very first build, hence corresponds to brand new tree found less than.
So it research is actually supported by the general choices of them affixes. There is good prefix “un-” that links to help you adjectives and work out adjectives that have a terrible definition (“unhurt”, “untrue”, “unhandy”, an such like.). As there are a beneficial suffix “-able” that attaches in order to verbs and you can models adjectives (“believable”, “fixable”, “readable”). This gives you the analysis envisioned over. It is impossible to combine good prefix “un-” physically into verb “use”, so that the almost every other realistically-you are able to construction wouldn’t really works.
- prefix “un-“
- verb base “lock”
- suffix “-able”
Now, even though, a small thought reveals us that there exists two various other meanings for this keyword: you to corresponding to brand new leftover-hands contour, definition “not lockable,” another you to definitely add up to the proper-hands contour, definition “able to be unlocked.”